Quick answer: Check your mattress manufacturer’s care label first. Remove and launder bedding as directed, vacuum the surface if permitted, and handle spills using only the manufacturer’s approved method. Avoid soaking the mattress, and let it dry completely before replacing the bedding. Cleaning a mattress does not necessarily disinfect or sterilize it.
Cleaning versus sanitizing
Cleaning removes visible dirt and can reduce dust and odors. Sanitizing or disinfecting means reducing or killing specific microorganisms under defined conditions, including the product’s required contact time. A homemade spray, quick steam treatment or surface vacuum does not establish that an entire mattress has been sanitized. If a healthcare professional recommends special infection-control measures, ask them how to handle the mattress and bedding safely.
1. Read the mattress care instructions
Materials and covers differ. Some covers are washable; others should not be removed. Steam, heat, excessive water or certain chemicals can damage foam, adhesives or fabric. For example, Casper advises against soaking or steam-cleaning its mattresses, while Tempur-Pedic advises checking the specific product’s care label. Contact your mattress maker if the label is missing.
2. Remove and wash bedding
Take off the sheets, pillowcases and any removable protector. Wash each item according to its own label. If dust-mite allergy is a concern, ask an allergist about appropriate bedding care and encasements; a routine wash or vacuum does not make the room allergen-free.
3. Vacuum the mattress if allowed
Use a clean upholstery attachment and a gentle setting on the top and sides, including seams. Check the manufacturer’s directions before vacuuming a delicate cover. Avoid scrubbing or removing fixed fabric. Vacuuming helps remove loose debris but does not sterilize the mattress.
4. Blot spills and treat stains carefully
Blot a fresh spill with a clean, dry absorbent cloth rather than rubbing it deeper. For an older stain, use only a method and product the mattress maker permits. Test an approved cleaner on an inconspicuous area first if the instructions call for it. Apply a small amount to a cloth rather than saturating the mattress, and follow the product label and mattress care instructions.
Do not mix cleaning chemicals. Bleach, peroxide, strong disinfectants and vinegar can discolor or damage some materials; do not assume they are safe for your bed. Avoid soaking the foam or applying steam unless the manufacturer explicitly permits it.
5. Dry thoroughly and protect the bed
Allow any damp area to dry completely with good airflow before replacing the protector and sheets. A fan or well-ventilated room can help; follow the maker’s instructions and avoid high heat unless approved. A washable, properly fitted mattress protector can make future spills easier to manage. Check the product’s waterproof claim and care label.
What about odors, mold or bed bugs?
For a lingering odor, first identify and address its source. Some manufacturers permit baking soda; others may not, so check your specific care instructions before using powder or any cleaner. If the mattress remains damp, smells musty or shows suspected mold, contact the manufacturer or a qualified remediation professional. Surface cleaning may not address contamination inside a porous mattress.
For suspected bed bugs, contact a qualified pest-control professional. A mattress cover designed for bed bugs can be part of a treatment plan, but a cover or household spray alone does not eliminate an infestation. See our guide to bedding encasements for cover types and fit.
Frequently asked questions
Can I steam-clean every mattress?
No. Heat and moisture can damage some mattresses. Use steam only if your manufacturer explicitly permits it.
Can I disinfect a mattress with vinegar or baking soda?
Do not assume either substance disinfects the entire mattress. Check care instructions before using them, and follow professional advice when infection control is needed.
How long should a mattress dry?
Drying time depends on the amount of moisture, airflow and mattress construction. Wait until the affected area is completely dry before remaking the bed.
Should I clean the mattress cover?
Only in the way the maker permits. Some covers can be removed and washed; others should stay in place and be spot-cleaned.